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Seedless grape varieties, or the so-called seedless varieties, are currently many. Such grapes are used most often for fresh consumption, but some varieties are suitable for drying. Among all the varieties, the special love of wine-growers and consumers is used by seedless gutter plants. It is such a grape that is recognized as a leader in its category.
General characteristics
Almost all grape varieties that do not have seeds were obtained as a result of selection work. The exception is varieties such as Thompson and Black Monucca. A significant part of the varieties and hybrid forms was bred as a result of the crossing of these two varieties.
In varieties and hybrid forms obtained over many years, the presence or absence of seed rudiments varies significantly. Many have only traces of small rudimentary seeds. However, in some varieties and hybrids such traces of grape seed are very noticeable. Traces of grape seeds can vary not only in size, but also in terms of hardness and quantity.
Grapes that do not have seeds have an optimal ratio of sugars and juice acidity, which gives it a unique, very pleasant taste. In addition, their use as excellent pollinators for other grape varieties and hybrids can be attributed to the characteristics of seedless grapes.
"Kishmish Radiant": features of the variety
The best varieties
To date, there are two groups of boneless grape varieties, which include grape raisins and cinnamon. Despite the large number of seedless varieties, the best of them are still time-tested forms.
| Title | Plant description | Description of berries | Using | Features |
| Kenadis, or Canadice | Early to medium ripening. Plants are vigorous. Flowering bisexual | Rounded, weighing 2-3 g, pink, with the acquisition of red. Pleasant taste and light isabel aroma | Berries are consumed fresh, used to make juices. | One of the most frost-resistant varieties among seedless grapes |
| Einset Seedless, or Einset Seedless | Early ripening. Plants are vigorous. Flowering bisexual | Oval, bright red, with a slight waxy coating, weight 2.3 g | Berries are consumed fresh, used for raisins. | Frost resistance -25 -27 ° C |
| Himrod, or Himrod | Early to medium ripening. Medium-sized plants | Small, oval, pale yellow, with a specific aroma | Berries are consumed fresh, used for raisins and making white grape wines. | Rarely affected by fungal diseases, increased frost resistance of -22 ° C |
| Jupiter, or Jupiter | Early ripening. Medium-sized plants | Large, bluish-red, with good sugar accumulation | Berries are consumed fresh, used for raisins, production of grape wines and dried fruits. | Frost resistance increased, not lower than -25-27 ° С |
| "Marquis", or "Markiz" | Medium ripening. Plants are medium-sized. Flowering bisexual | Large, amber, with excellent taste | Used as table grapes, suitable for the production of white wine | Resistant to frost, with increased resistance to fungal diseases |
| Mars, or Mars | Medium ripening. Powerful plants | Rounded, dark purple, with a pronounced aroma of wild berries | Berries are consumed fresh, used for raisins. | Resistance to cracking, frost resistance |
| Neptune, or Neptune | Early ripening. Plants are medium-sized. Flowering bisexual | Large, slightly oval, red-violet | Dining destination | Resistance to mildew and gray rot, cracking berries |
Seedless grapes are the least popular and best known for winegrowers. Interlaken, Saturn, Lakemmont, Remeilly, Suffolk Red, Vanessa and Venus Among the rape varieties there is also a fairly large number of varieties that deserve the attention of winegrowers for their excellent characteristics.
| Title | Maturation | Plant description | Description of berries | Using | Features |
| "Rayon Radish" | Mid-season
| Strong or medium height | Elongated, large, bright pink, with a nutmeg aroma | Universal | Well tolerates transportation and storage |
| Hungarian Kishmish | Early ripe | Tall | Medium or large, ovoid, greenish-golden, with a harmonious taste | Berries are consumed fresh, used for raisins. | Increased immunity to fungal diseases |
| "Kishmish Zaporizhia" | Early ripe | Medium | Oval, reddish-violet, harmonious taste, fleshy, juicy | Table grapes | Increased resistance to low temperatures and diseases |
| "Kishmish Rusball improved" | Very early | Tall or large | Rounded or oval, sometimes ovoid, white, tan | Berries are consumed fresh, used for raisins. | Excellent transported. Immunity against gray rot and mildew |
| Kishmish Attica | Early ripe | Relatively powerful | Large, oval or oblong, purple, with a pleasant taste | Berries are consumed fresh. | High transportability. Does not require gibberellin treatment |
| Kishmish Elma | Mid early | Tall | Oval, deep red purple | Dining destination | Unstable to fungal diseases and low temperature |
| "Kishmish Bidana" | Medium late | Medium | Small, elongated, cylindrical, pinkish-red, covered with a wax coating of medium density | Berries are consumed fresh or for the purpose of obtaining raisins. | Needs the implementation of a full range of protective measures against fungal diseases |
Propagation Features
Quiche grows in the usual way. Inside the berry, seed embryos are laid, called rudiments, which under artificial conditions hatch and undergo several stages of growth and development before planting. Technology involves embryo conservation.
In cinnamon, the fruits are tied without the use of pollination, which implies a complete absence of seed material. For propagation, vegetative methods are used, including the use of layering and cuttings. This reproduction allows you to save all varietal properties. Seed propagation is necessary exclusively for the breeding of new grape varieties.
Selection of seedless varieties is somewhat difficult, therefore, transgenic seedlessness, based on the introduction of the "seedless gene", is currently widely practiced. This technology is very modern and does not change the quality indicators of grapes.
In recent years, it is seedless grape varieties and hybrids that have been especially popular among consumers and have caused keen interest not only among amateur gardeners, but also professional winegrowers, due to high quality characteristics, sufficient stability and yield. In addition, such varieties and hybrids are unpretentious in cultivation and require minimal, standard care.
